Q: I live in
south Georgia, and we have quite a lot of palm trees in our landscapes. I have
one that has ripe yellow fruits each year. It has fernlike fronds and is a
full-grown tree. I really like it and want to treat it properly. My concern is
what to do with the brown fronds that hang from the lower section. Do I
cut these off? If I do, at what length and at what time of year? Does it
have any special fertilizer needs?
A: According to your
description, your palm sounds like a jelly palm (Butia capitata). It is
also called the wine palm and pindo palm.
The
brown fronds on the lower section are dead and can be cut off at any time of
year. You do not have to cut the dead fronds off, but you may want to do so to
make the palm look neater. There is no rule about how far back to cut the dead
fronds, just don't damage the trunk. Most people leave a few inches of stub and
make all the "boots" uniform. Boots are the stubs of dead fronds
that encircle the palm trunk. They create the cross-hatch pattern that is familiar
on our native cabbage palmetto. The fronds are easy to cut off with a large
pair of loppers. Leave the green fronds. They are manufacturing food for the
tree. Be careful when you are on a ladder doing any kind of pruning!
Your
jelly palm doesn't have any special nutrient or fertilizer needs. When it comes
to fertilizer, too little is always better than too much especially with woody,
mature plants. Jelly palms are naturally slow growing. You should not try to
force a lot of growth with fertilizer, even when they are young. If you apply
any fertilizer it should be in the late spring or early summer. Your tree
probably doesn’t need any fertilizer at all.
Q: I saw a
‘Flying Dragon’ tree with lemon-like fruits in a catalog. Is it hardy in
Georgia? Is the fruit edible?
A: ‘Flying Dragon’ is
a variety of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata), the most
cold-hardy member of the citrus family. It will grow throughout Georgia and
even farther north. Unlike the regular form of
trifoliate orange, ‘Flying Dragon’ has spiraling stems and curved thorns that
give the appearance of a Chinese dragon taking flight.
Trifoliate
orange is almost exclusively grown as ornamental for its dark green thorny
branches, white flowers and attractive fruits.
Although
the fruit is fragrant and citrusy, the pulp is extremely sour and chock full of
seeds. We have heard of people using the fruit to make marmalade, but have never
tried it ourselves.
The
thorns of trifoliate orange are formidable. Back in the 1980s Fort Bragg was
planting them as a barrier. We haven’t heard how successful the effort was, but
a hedge of trifoliate orange is a lot more difficult to get through than barbed
wire and would give even Brer Rabbit pause. Removing a thicket of trifoliate
orange would be like going into battle against a syringe-laden army of
octopuses. ‘Flying Dragon’ would be less dangerous since the thorns do not
stick straight out, but it still needs careful handling.
Trifoliate
orange is listed as an invasive species in some areas – a scary thought if
you’ve ever accidentally bumped into one. For more information, see the Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States.
On
a lighter note, branches of standard form of trifoliate orange are used in
Christmas decorating to make gumdrop trees. The decorator removes the
needle-like tips and sticks gumdrops on the thorns. The branches of the
standard form and the contorted ‘Flying Dragon’ may also be used (with care, of
course) in Good Friday and Easter floral arrangements to signify the suffering
of Jesus.
Q: Can we grow ‘Fuyugaki’ and other
oriental persimmons in Atlanta?
A: Yes. ‘Fuyugaki’ (sometimes simply
called ‘Fuyu’) and most other oriental persimmon varieties will do well in all
of Georgia, except perhaps the mountains. ‘Sheng’ is one of the most cold-hardy
varieties and it would be a good choice for someone in the mountains who wants
to give oriental persimmons a try. ‘Maekawa Jiro’ is also listed as a very
cold-hardy variety that might work in the mountains.
‘Fuyugaki’ is the most
popular variety of oriental persimmon. Other varieties you may want to consider
include ‘Wase Fuyu’ (sometimes listed as ‘Matsumoto’), ‘Gwang Yang,’ ‘Hana
Gosho,’ ‘Jiro,’ ‘Eureka,’ ‘Tanenashi,’ ‘Ichi Ki Kei Jiro,’ ‘Saijo,’ ‘Great
Wall’ and ‘Kyungsun Ban-Si.’
Many oriental
persimmons are sold bare-root although some nurseries do sell them in
containers. The bare-root ones are shipped in late winter while the trees are
still dormant. Get your order in soon.
Q: What is the “goya melon” I
see on television infomercials that people on Okinawa eat? Can we grow it in
Georgia? If so, where can I find seeds?
A: The “goya melon” you see on
infomercials is Momordica charantia, more commonly known in this country
as “balsam pear.” It also goes by the names “bitter melon” and “bitter
gourd.”
Balsam pear/goya melon
is a tropical vine that likes full sun and fertile soil. It is easy to grow. If
you can grow cucumbers or gourds, you can grow it. It has long been grown in
America as an ornamental novelty. Thomas Jefferson grew it at Monticello.
The fruit is a bumpy
curiosity that turns golden orange when ripe and splits open to reveal seeds
covered with bright red pulp like a screaming Technicolor cucumber. The fruits
are edible when green but supposedly toxic when ripe. The red pulp is edible,
but the seeds are also supposed to be toxic. There is a similar species, Momordica
balsamina, known as “balsam apple” that is less frequently grown and
generally considered less ornamental.
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